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Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Deputy Minister Miao Wei recently told reporters at a rare earth forum held in Baotou that the country is a major country with rare earths, but some rare earth companies have weak environmental awareness and pollution problems. Some local companies mine in the mines. In the production process of rare earths and rare earths, excessive emissions and other phenomena are serious. In addition, there are also radioactive tailings and waste residue has not been properly dealt with, not only cause pollution to the environment, but also poses a threat to public safety, which has become a problem to be solved in the development of the rare earth industry.
Professor Zhang Ji, Dean of Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, has the same feeling. Zhang Jian pointed out that there are many pollution links in the production process of rare earth resources, such as selection, separation, and other rare earth production enterprises. China's rare earth production enterprises are generally small-scale, production processes are backward, some rare earth companies have low environmental protection investment, and lack of environmental protection and ecological restoration facilities, pollution problems are more prominent. . At present, rare earth companies in China produce approximately 8.5 kg of fluorine and 13 kg of dust per ton of product; using concentrated sulfuric acid high-temperature roasting technology, an average of 1 ton of rare earth roasting produces 9,600 to 12,000 cubic meters of concentrate-containing dust. Exhaust gas such as hydrofluoric acid, sulfur dioxide, and sulfuric acid, about 75 cubic meters of acidic wastewater and about 1 ton of radioactive waste residue. The destruction of vegetation and serious water and soil loss in the rare earth mining area. The ammonia, nitrogen, sulfur, fluorine and COD emissions from the production enterprises are generally exceeded. The annual discharge of ammonia nitrogen is about 100,000 tons, fluorine is about 6,000 tons, and the radioactive element is about 300 tons. It has caused various degrees of pollution to the Yellow River, the Yangtze River and other important waters and groundwater in China. The sulfur, fluorine, and chlorine emissions have also caused some pollution to the atmosphere.
For a long time, China has never set a separate emission standard for pollutants in the rare earth industry. Environmental impact assessment, design, and completion acceptance of rare earth enterprise pollutant discharge management and construction projects have always referred to the implementation of comprehensive pollutant discharge standards. Control standards are not targeted. The implementation of the "Standard" will play an important role in regulating and strengthening emission management in the rare earth industry, improving its environmental management, and promoting the orderly development of rare earth resources.
The reporter learned from the interview that the forthcoming "Standard" will usher in a new opportunity for the rare earth industry to quickly embark on the green development road. The standard specifies emission limits for six kinds of atmospheric pollutants including sulfur dioxide, particulate matter, fluoride, chlorine, hydrogen chloride, and sulfur trioxide according to different production processes, taking into account that the production of rare earths may cause the formation of dust containing germanium. Nuclide), in particular, it also stipulates more stringent concentrations of helium dust emission concentrations. In terms of water pollutants, 14 pollutant emission limits such as fluoride, total phosphorus, total nitrogen, and ammonia nitrogen are stipulated, and a special emission limit of ammonia nitrogen emission concentration is implemented in the southern part of many lakes. The new standard also divides existing enterprises and newly-built enterprises into two grades. According to the different production processes, detailed and clear provisions are made for the displacement and displacement of the mineral processing process.
After the "Standard" is formally implemented, the primary issue facing the rare earth industry will be how to achieve "achievement." Dr. Zhao Zengqi, Dean of Baotou Rare Earth Research Institute, and Wang Xiaotie and Zhang Wei, Chief Engineers of Baotou Rare Earth Company, and other senior rare earth experts all believe that firstly relying on scientific and technological innovation to strengthen the promotion of environmentally friendly mature process technologies, such as saponification mixed system extraction and separation of rare earth clean process , rare earth extraction and separation of new processes, etc., to solve the "three wastes" pollution problems; followed by the implementation of rare earth intensification strategy, accelerate the merger and reorganization of enterprises, eliminate backward production capacity, set up a large group to improve resource utilization; again is the use of legal means, economic means standard Mining order, strict implementation of the mining permit system, is strictly prohibited indiscriminate mining activities. In addition, we must concentrate on the construction of radioactive solid waste storage dams and storages to prevent radiation pollution to the environment, and at the same time strengthen the supervision of rare earth enterprises and strictly control the discharge of “three wastesâ€.
In addition, experts also pointed out that to meet the "Rare Earth Industrial Pollutants Emission Standard" requirements, companies need to increase environmental protection investment, improve production processes and costs. According to experts' estimation, based on the control of China's production of rare earth products at 150,000 tons, the entire industry's water pollutant discharge concentration has reached the new enterprise limit value calculated in this standard, and it is estimated that an additional 1.1 billion yuan worth of environmental protection investment will be needed. The cost of 280 million yuan will increase the production cost by 1,000 to 1,500 yuan per ton of product. If the industry's atmospheric pollutant discharge concentration reaches the new enterprise limit of the standard, it will require an environmental protection investment of 200 million yuan, and the annual environmental protection operation cost will be approximately 30 million yuan.
After China implements the “Rare Earth Industrial Pollutant Emission Standardsâ€, it will bring huge environmental emission reduction benefits. According to the nation's 15 million tons of rare earth smelting wastewater, the existing enterprise ammonia nitrogen emission limit of 50 milligrams per liter, sulfur dioxide emissions limit of 500 mg per liter, the national rare earth industry, ammonia nitrogen emissions can be reduced by 23,200 tons per year, sulfur dioxide emissions Annual reduction of 7,500 tons, when China's rare earth industry will truly realize the structure proposed by the central government and change the mode of economic development, into the fast lane of green development.
Rare Earth Industry Turns to Green Track
In early April, China's first "Rare Earth Industrial Pollutant Emission Standard" (hereinafter referred to as "Standard") passed the review meeting convened by the Department of Science and Technology Standards of the Ministry of Environmental Protection, marking the pollutants developed for rare earth industries. Emission standards will soon be implemented. The advent of the first environmental protection standard has sparked heated discussions in the industry and is full of hope for the rare earth industry to enter the fast lane of green development.