Academy of Social Sciences: National agricultural land circulation speeding alert and "non-food" increased

Academy of Social Sciences: National agricultural land circulation speeding alert and "non-food" increased

From 2.6% in 1996 to 30.4% in 2014, China's agricultural land transfer rate has increased rapidly in just 18 years. According to new research results of the relevant research group of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, "nearly one-third of the country's cultivated land is cultivated by people who are not landowners."

On May 9, the Institute of Finance of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences and the Social Science Literature Publishing House jointly released the "Blue Book of Land Market: China Rural Land Market Development Report (2015~2016)" in Beijing.

According to the Blue Book, in 1996, only 2.6% of the country's agricultural land was transferred. In 2004, the proportion of circulation increased to 10.5%. In 2011, it increased to 17.8%. In 2012, more than one-fifth (21.2%) of the agricultural land was transferred. In 2013, the national household contracted arable land transfer area reached 341 million mu, and the circulation ratio exceeded 1/4 (25.7%). In 2014, the national household contracted arable land transfer area further increased to 403 million mu, an increase of 18.2% from the end of 2013, and the circulation ratio reached 30.4. %. Obviously, China's agricultural land transfer market is developing rapidly.

Yan Liangliang, deputy researcher of the Land Economics and Human Resources Research Office of the Institute of Rural Development of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, introduced the research team to Hebei Province, Shaanxi Province, Liaoning Province, Zhejiang Province, Sichuan Province, Hubei Province and Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region in 2013 and 2014. The survey of farmland circulation in seven provinces was conducted. These sample provinces are distributed in North China, Northwest China, Northeast China, East China, Central China and South China, and are well represented throughout the country.

The survey found that from the proportion of cultivated land in circulation, the development of agricultural land transfer market in different provinces is different, but the turnover ratio of each province in 2014 is higher than its 2013 ratio, that is, the circulation market of all provinces. Both are developing over time. On average, 21.88% of agricultural land was transferred in 2013, and the proportion of circulation in 2014 rose to 26.63%. “Although the average circulation ratio of these seven provinces in 2014 is lower than the national total turnover ratio (30.4%), some provinces have a higher turnover ratio than the national average.” 郜亮亮, such as the circulation ratio of Guangxi in 2013 and 2014 It was 45.32% and 47.98%, respectively, and almost half of the cultivated land was transferred. The circulation ratio in Sichuan was low in 2013 and 2014, respectively, 11.73% and 15.57%; followed by Hebei Province, 13.47% and 16.68% respectively; the circulation ratio of Liaoning Province was basically the same as the national average, 2013 The year was 26.34%, and in 2014 it was 32.65%.

The survey found that, on average, the proportion of farmland farmers transferred to all contracted farmers in 2013 was 19.13%, and in 2014 it increased to 22.21%, that is, more than one-fifth of the farmers transferred the contracted farmland to become a supply to the circulation market. By. In terms of provinces, the proportion of rural households transferred to Sichuan in 2013 and 2014 was 10.12% and 12.05%, respectively, still ranked in seven provinces, followed by Hebei Province, and Guangxi was the highest proportion.

According to the blue book, the survey results show that the current agricultural land transfer has various forms, and it has the characteristics of subcontracting and leasing, supplemented by transfer, swap and shareholding cooperation. From the situation of the seven provinces, subcontracting is the main form of circulation. In 2013, 46.32% of the cultivated land that was transferred used was subcontracted. By 2014, this proportion remained basically stable, only slightly increased to 46.67%. In 2013, 35.79% of the circulation was in the form of rental. About 5% of the arable land that has been transferred is carried out by means of interchange.

After the transfer of farmland, "who will plant the land" has always been a concern of everyone. The survey found that the current land transfer is mainly cultivated by farmers, professional cooperatives, enterprises and other entities, and is mainly based on farmers. From the situation of the seven provinces, 60% of the converted farmland was cultivated by farmers.

In terms of provinces, the proportion of rural households operating in Zhejiang Province is high. In 2013, it exceeded 70%, and in 2014 it fell to 67.69%. In Shaanxi and Liaoning provinces, this proportion experienced a significant decline in 2014, but Both are more than 50%; Hubei Province, which has a low proportion of farmer management, is about 50%. Professional cooperatives are the second most important business entity. In 2013, 14.74% of the converted farmland was operated by professional cooperatives. By 2014, the proportion increased rapidly to 18.33%, that is, nearly one-fifth of the converted farmland was cultivated by the cooperative. .

The survey found that from the perspective of seven provinces, at least 40% of the converted farmland was used to grow food crops. The Blue Book says, but in any case, the “non-food” of arable land is still a major concern. The survey also found that from the perspective of seven provinces, about 60% of the converted farmland has signed a transfer contract. However, from the situation of the seven provinces, the proportion of disputes caused by land transfer has increased, from 32.24% in 2013 to 40.06% in 2014.

According to the Blue Book, a 30.4% transfer ratio means that nearly one-third of the country's arable land is cultivated by people who are not landowner owners, so these transfer households (or business entities) can “cherish” the land like the contractor himself. ? Do they use the “predatory” approach when they are cultivating the land with the motive of short-term use? If this is the case, the faster the circulation, the larger the circulation area, the more the sustainable development of agriculture will be affected.

Yan Liangliang said that the primary function of the land transfer market is to improve the efficiency of land allocation, and secondly to promote fairness, that is, to transfer land from a large number of farmers to a small number of farmers. However, with the further development of the circulation market, this fairness will gradually weaken or even disappear. At that time, only those who can pay rent can obtain the management rights of the land, and these people must use highly efficient people.

Yan Liangliang introduced that another problem facing the development of the land transfer market is normative. Although the proportion of contracts is 60%, it is still very low. Due to different business entities, the ability to undertake land rents is also different. The development of land transfer market will inevitably face the problems of “non-food” and “non-agriculturalization”. Land use should be strictly regulated, and appropriate incentives such as three subsidy policies should be used to transfer land to the main grain producers for moderate scale operations.

(Original title: Academy of Social Sciences: National agricultural land transfer speed warning, "non-food" is intensified)