China is a global manufacturing country and is often referred to as the "world factory." However, although large in scale, it may not be technically strong. Inspecting the three basics of Chinese enterprises' Internet + manufacturing: software integration, innovation of production Hardware, and external mobile Internet. Compared with world-class standards, mobile Internet is the fastest and most rapid development, with innovative production hardware and software at the other end. It is still in the stage of catch-up. Under such unique development conditions, we may be able to embark on an Internet + manufacturing road with Chinese characteristics. 1. Advantages and Disadvantages of China's Development of the Internet+Manufacturing Industry The advantages of China's development of the Internet+manufacturing industry are: First, it has developed a relatively complete industrial system, especially in the ICT industry; second, the market is huge and has broad prospects for development. The third is the support of national policies, and a series of high-tech industrial planning has been introduced. ICT Industry Leadership: In the field of mobile communications, Huawei and ZTE are already the world's leading telecommunications equipment suppliers. China Mobile is one of the key promoters of the TD-LTE standard. Chinese enterprises have established their own intellectual property arsenal in this regard. At the application end, China’s mobile internet companies have also achieved global leadership. The market has broad prospects: In 2012, manufacturing value added in China accounted for 22.4% of the global added value of manufacturing, ranking first in the world, 5 percentage points higher than the US ranked second, and twice as large as Japan ranked third. many. Moreover, labor-intensive companies in China's manufacturing industry still occupy a large share, and there is much room for future growth. According to Accenture's estimation, if the status quo is maintained, the industrial Internet of Things will contribute a total of US$ 397 billion to China’s GDP in the next 15 years. If appropriate tilt measures are taken for industrial IoT, this figure will increase significantly to US$ 1822.4 billion. The disadvantage of China in developing Internet + manufacturing is also obvious. This is mainly reflected in the fact that the development of the industrial automation of domestic enterprises from software to hardware components has not been significantly changed. In terms of software, China's industrial software development, especially the ability to develop industrial-grade system software such as CNC machine tools and robots, is relatively weak, and there is a large gap between it and the international advanced level, which has become one of the important bottlenecks restricting the development of China's high-end manufacturing industry. In terms of hardware, the key components of China's industrial automation are still heavily dependent on imports, with weak development capabilities and insufficient technology accumulation. It has become another important bottleneck restricting the development of China's high-end manufacturing industry. 2. China's strategy for developing the Internet manufacturing industry Domestically, during the “Twelfth Five-Year Plan†period, China began to study related topics in the Internet manufacturing industry, such as the “cloud manufacturing†proposed by the research team of Li Bohu academician, integrating the Internet and manufacturing industries. The detailed description of the method and path can actually be seen as the Chinese version of “Industry 4.0â€. Research on CPS has also been listed as one of the research priorities of the National Natural Science Foundation, the "973 Program" and the "863 Program." The research ideas and the M version plan are very similar. But from another perspective, from the M-side to promote the Internet manufacturing industry is China's manufacturing industry is the best choice? M-version manufacturing innovation requires a lot of technology accumulation. For the leading countries in Industry 3.0, Industry 4.0 is a smooth transition and is a natural extension of manufacturing automation to the cloud. The domestic is still patching the short board of the 3.0 era, and it is very difficult to achieve leapfrog development at the end of the plus. On the other hand, on the I-side, whether it is the mobile Internet or the Internet of Things, it is a new thing and is in the stage of innovation. Domestic enterprises have little difference with the international leading level in this respect, and even exceed the international counterparts. China's current conditions allow us to think about whether we should promote the Internet manufacturing industry at the same time from both ends of the plus sign, that is, the IM hybrid version, with the back end of the plus sign grasping both hands, and combining both hands with hardware and software. a) Two hands: IM mixed version Premier Li Keqiang mentioned two important concepts in the government work report for the two sessions this year. One is the “Internet Action Plan†and the other is the “Made in China 2025 Planâ€. The former emphasizes the use of the power of the Internet to promote the transformation and upgrading of traditional industries, the latter being interpreted as the Chinese version of Industry 4.0. We believe that this is actually a mixed version of the Internet manufacturing plan with Chinese characteristics, both of which are neither accidental nor isolated. Manufacturing industry plays a very important role in the national economy. If the Internet cannot shake up the big man, the contribution to China's economic transformation and upgrading will ultimately be limited. Conversely, mobile internet provides an important window of opportunity for China's traditional manufacturing industries to deploy globally and upgrade services, especially for small and medium-sized enterprises and innovative companies. Seizing this strategic opportunity and following the road of competition with the world's leading companies must be bumpy. Citing the original speech of Prime Minister Li Keqiang’s 2015 government work report: Emerging industries and emerging industries are competing high grounds. To implement high-end equipment, information networks, integrated circuits, new energy, new materials, bio-medicine, aero-engines, gas turbines and other major projects, a group of emerging industries will be cultivated into leading industries. Formulate an "Internet" action plan to promote the integration of mobile Internet, cloud computing, big data, and Internet of Things with modern manufacturing. Among the eight major projects mentioned above, "high-end equipment, information networks, integrated circuits, new energy, new materials, bio-medicine, aero-engines, and gas turbines" are highly targeted and refer to the IM hybrid model. Information networks and integrated circuits are the basis for mobile Internet and Internet of Things. New materials are the basis for expanding the role of additive manufacturing technologies such as 3D printing. Many of GE's aero-engines and gas turbines have been connected in real time and are the earliest members of the Internet of Things. Bosch's IoT suite includes solutions for new energy networks. Even seemingly unrelated biomedicine is inextricably linked to new materials and computer simulation techniques. 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Policy support: From the central government to local governments, a number of support plans have been formulated for the transformation and upgrading of manufacturing industries. In July 2012, the State Council issued the "12th Five-Year Plan for National Strategic Emerging Industries Development Plan" notice, listing seven new industries such as new-generation information technology, high-end equipment manufacturing, new energy, and new materials as key national developments. industry. In addition, the Internet of Things and cloud computing are separately listed as major special projects. "Made in China 2025" has been introduced, and the combination of the Internet and manufacturing will be an important direction for the future development of the manufacturing industry.
b) Combining hardware and software: Compensating both hard and soft short boards on the I-side or on the M-side, Chinese companies have obvious shortcomings in their capabilities. The first meaning of the combination of software and hardware is to start from the two aspects of software and hardware, and to complete the short board. Hardware components such as core components, sensors, and new materials, and software components such as automated professional software and enterprise-level application software. The other layer meaning of the combination of software and hardware is to respect the technical development features of the M-end and I-end, and to introduce soft support or hard planning.
The technical development of the M-side is characterized by a long period of innovation and the need for continuous investment; in addition, the directionality and planability of innovation are strong. For example, the speed of hardware performance enhancement, the rate of release of production capacity, and the rate of price decline are all predictable.
Such characteristics are more suitable for the government to take the lead, and the industry is coordinating with long-term strategic planning to explore possible evolution paths. As the relevant comment points out, “Industry 4.0†was first foreseen in advance, not the industrial revolution that was observed afterwards. China University can learn from Germany's experience and make hard planning for the M-side.
The I-side technical innovation is less planable. On the one hand, sudden and subversive innovations are frequent and increase the uncertainty of the technological evolution path. On the other hand, SMEs, especially startups, have natural advantages in Internet innovation. Therefore, I-side technological innovation should be handed over to the market, with less supervision, more openness, and the foundation. We will strive to form an innovative industrial cluster with a small and medium-sized enterprise as the main body.
Build infrastructure such as broadband networks to reduce the cost of innovation and entrepreneurship for these small businesses. On the other hand, let small businesses automatically and spontaneously find suitable locations within the cluster to allow large industrial manufacturing chains to be broken down within the cluster and form a healthy industrial ecosystem that competes and cooperates between different companies – this is actually the industry 4.0. The decentralized and decentralized forms of industrial organization mentioned. In this sense, soft support is more suitable for I-side technological innovation than hard planning.
3. The future of China's development of the Internet manufacturing industry The mobile Internet and the Internet of Things are the sentinels of the Internet of Things. Applying our six-level model in the “Internet†vision, the current domestic manufacturing industry is still at the initial “mobile internet†level, and the “data exchange†layer at a higher level has not yet been popularized to achieve “dynamic optimizationâ€. The scene is rare. Under such circumstances, a wide range of "efficiency enhancements", "industrial changes", and "economic transitions" are just good wishes. In turn, I think if the Internet manufacturing industry is upgraded to a higher level, what kind of picture will the transformed manufacturing industry and the transformed industrial economy look like?
First of all, the boundaries of enterprises are broken. Different production and design development tasks in the entire product life cycle are reasonably distributed among large and medium-sized enterprises and coordinated production. This kind of network structure is decentralized. The highly developed Internet and powerful cloud platform largely compensates for the scale disadvantages of small and medium-sized enterprises. When enterprises are large or small, who have the key innovation capability, they can As the organizer of the entire production process, the loss of efficiency due to asymmetric information is controlled within a small range.
Second, the balance between software and hardware development. Based on the hardware of the enterprise-level software and the sensor on the machine, real-time interaction between machines and machines, machines and people on the cloud platform, and the formation of social networks of people and machines (Imagine such a scenario: your WeChat friends There are not only acquaintances, but also their own cars and central air conditioning in the home. With powerful computing power and abundant data, the product's entire life cycle from production planning and design to after-sales service is simulated in advance and physical losses are minimized.
In the end, a new type of industrial economy was formed. This must be a large and strong industrial system: from the key upstream components, industrial automation systems, and new materials, to midstream equipment manufacturing, automobiles, and airplanes, to the downstream sales and consumption, and an all-round high-efficiency industrial system. This is also the industrial development direction of the “Made in China 2025†plan. It is also the final form of the “Internet†that we mentioned in the “Internet: Visionâ€, which is the final form of manufacturing in the manufacturing industry.