Summary of metal surface treatment methods ▼ First, anodizing Anodizing: mainly anodizing aluminum, which is based on electrochemical principle to form a layer of Al2O3 (alumina) film on the surface of aluminum and aluminum alloy. This oxide film has special properties such as protection, decoration, insulation and wear resistance. Process flow: Monochrome, Gradient: Polishing / Sandblasting / Drawing → Degreasing → Anodizing → Neutralization → Dyeing → Sealing → Drying Two-color: 1 polishing / sand blasting / drawing → degreasing → shading → anodizing 1 → anodizing 2 → sealing → drying 2 polishing / sand blasting / drawing → degreasing → anodizing 1 → laser engraving → anodizing 2 → sealing → drying Technical features: 1, increase the strength, 2. Realize any color except white. 3, to achieve nickel-free sealing, to meet the requirements of non-nickel in Europe, the United States and other countries. Technical difficulties and key points for improvement: The yield level of anodizing is related to the cost of the final product. The focus of improving the oxidation yield is the appropriate amount of oxidant, suitable temperature and current density. This requires structural parts manufacturers to explore and seek breakthroughs in the production process. Second, electrophoresis (ED-Electrophoresis deposition) Electrophoresis: used in stainless steel, aluminum alloy, etc., can make the product appear in various colors, and maintain the metallic luster, while enhancing the surface properties, has a good anti-corrosion performance. Process: pretreatment → electrophoresis → drying Technical features: advantage: 1, rich in color; 2, no metal texture, can be combined with sandblasting, polishing, drawing, etc.; 3, processing in the liquid environment, can achieve the surface treatment of complex structures; 4, the process is mature, mass production. Disadvantages: The ability to cover defects is general, and the electroforming of die-casting parts requires higher pre-treatment. . Third, micro-arc oxidation (MAO) Micro-arc oxidation: The process of applying a high voltage to form a ceramized surface film layer in an electrolyte solution (generally a weakly alkaline solution), which is the result of a synergistic effect of physical discharge and electrochemical oxidation. Process: pre-treatment → hot water wash → MAO → drying Technical features: advantage: 1, ceramic texture, dull appearance, no high-gloss products, delicate touch, anti-fingerprint; 2, a wide range of substrates: Al, Ti, Zn, Zr, Mg, Nb, and their alloys; 3, the pre-treatment is simple, the product has excellent corrosion resistance, weather resistance and good heat dissipation performance. Disadvantages: At present, the color is limited, only black, gray and other mature, bright colors are currently difficult to achieve; cost is mainly affected by high power consumption, which is one of the most costly surface treatment. Fourth, PVD vacuum plating Physical vapor deposition (PVD): An industrial manufacturing process that uses a physical process to deposit thin films. Schematic diagram of PVD principle Process flow: Pre-PVD cleaning→Intake vacuuming→washing target and ion cleaning→coating→coating finish, cooling out→posting (polishing, AFP) Technical features: PVD (Physical Vapor Deposition) can be coated on a metal surface with a high hard plating and high wear resistance cermet decorative coating. Fifth, electroplating (Electroplating) Electroplating: A technique in which a metal film is adhered to the surface of a metal by electrolysis to prevent corrosion, improve wear resistance, electrical conductivity, light reflectivity, and enhance aesthetics. Process flow: Pretreatment → Cyanide-free copper → Cyanide-free white copper tin → Chrome plating Technical features: advantage: 1. High gloss and high quality metal appearance; 2. The substrate is SUS, Al, Zn, Mg, etc.; the cost is lower than PVD. Disadvantages: Environmental protection is poor and the risk of environmental pollution is high. Sixth, powder coating (Powder coating) Powder coating: The powder coating is sprayed onto the surface of the workpiece by a powder spraying device (electrostatic spray machine). Under the action of static electricity, the powder will be uniformly adsorbed on the surface of the workpiece to form a powder coating; the powder coating passes through the high temperature. The baking leveling cures and becomes the final coating with different effects (different kinds of effects of the powder coating). Process flow: Upper part→electrostatic dust removal→spraying→low temperature leveling→baking Technical features: advantage: 1, rich in color, high gloss, matte optional; 2, low cost, suitable for building furniture products and heat sink shells; 3. High utilization rate, 100% utilization, environmental protection; 4, strong ability to shade defects; 5, can imitate wood grain effect. Seven, metal wire drawing Drawing: It is a kind of surface treatment method that forms a line on the surface of the workpiece by grinding the product and plays a decorative effect. According to the difference of the texture after drawing, it can be divided into: straight line drawing, chaotic drawing, ripple, and swirling. Technical features: The wire drawing process can obtain a non-mirror-like metallic luster on the metal surface, and the wire drawing treatment can also eliminate the fine flaws on the metal surface. Eight, sandblasting Sand blasting: using compressed air as the power to form a high-speed jet beam to spray the spray at a high speed to the surface of the workpiece to be treated, so that the appearance or shape of the outer surface of the workpiece surface changes, obtaining a certain degree of cleanliness and different roughness. A process. Technical features: 1. Achieve different reflections or matt. 2. It can clean the tiny burrs on the surface of the workpiece and make the surface of the workpiece smoother, eliminating the damage of the burr and improving the grade of the workpiece. 3. Clear the residual dirt left in the pre-treatment, improve the smoothness of the workpiece, and make the workpiece exposed uniform and uniform metallic color, so that the appearance of the workpiece is more beautiful and beautiful. Nine, polished Polishing: The finishing of the surface of a workpiece using a flexible polishing tool and abrasive particles or other polishing media. For different polishing processes: rough polishing (basic polishing process), medium polishing (finishing process) and fine polishing (glazing process), the best polishing effect can be achieved by selecting a suitable polishing wheel, while improving the polishing efficiency. Process flow: Technical features: Improve the dimensional accuracy or geometric accuracy of the workpiece to achieve a smooth surface or mirror gloss, while also eliminating gloss. X. Etching Etching: Generally, the etching referred to as photochemical etching refers to removing the protective film of the region to be etched by exposure and plate development, and contacting the chemical solution during etching to achieve dissolution and corrosion, thereby forming the effect of unevenness or hollowing. Process flow: Exposure method: the project is based on the pattern to prepare the material size - material preparation - material cleaning - drying → film or coating → drying → exposure → development → drying - etching → stripping → OK Screen printing method: cutting material → cleaning sheet (stainless steel other metal materials) → screen printing → etching → stripping → OK Technical features: advantage: 1. Fine processing of metal surfaces; 2. Give special effects to the metal surface; Disadvantages: Corrosive liquids (acids, alkalis, etc.) used in etching are often harmful to the environment.
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