With the release of the “Soil Pollution Prevention Action Plan†(ie “Soil Tenâ€), China will carry out large-scale soil pollution investigation, prevention and restoration work. “Ten Shi†lists the timetable and road map for soil pollution prevention, including the investigation of soil pollution, mastering the quality of soil environment; conducting collaborative monitoring and evaluation of cultivated soil and agricultural products; carrying out pollution control and restoration, and improving regional soils. Environmental quality, etc., all require basic support for geological survey work. As an important professional force in soil pollution investigation, prevention and restoration, the Chinese Geological Survey's multiple teams not only provide basic data for the formulation and release of the Soil Pollution Prevention Action Plan, but will continue to play a professional advantage and fully support the soil. Implementation of the Pollution Prevention Action Plan. Pulse the earth ——Interview with Cheng Hangxin, Chief Expert of Land Geochemical Investigation Engineering of China Geological Survey Our reporter Gao Huili The first of the "Ten Shi" is to conduct a soil pollution survey and master the quality of the soil environment. The “Geo-Geochemical Survey Project†of the China Geological Survey, which aims to find out the quality of cultivated land in China, will support the implementation of “Ten-Tenâ€. The reporter recently interviewed the chief expert of “Land Geochemical Investigation Project†and the materialization of the Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences. Research Institute Cheng Hang new researcher. China surveyed geochemical experts, early awareness and prediction of soil pollution hazards Talking about soil pollution, Cheng Hangxin said that China's exploration geochemical experts realized and predicted the extreme importance of soil pollution in the 1990s. In the 1990s, the contradiction between environmental pollution, global change and sustainable development has become a major scientific proposition in the world. Geochemical experts in exploration have realized that using the rich experience and knowledge accumulated in the study of the dispersion and distribution of elements in nature to solve public concerns about environmental issues should be an important development direction for geochemistry. Survey geochemical experts from Western countries began to fully participate in environmental assessment around 1995. At the same time of rapid development of industrialization and urbanization in China, it also releases a large amount of pollutants into the natural environment, affecting the quality of the natural environment. In 1993, Xie Xuejin, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, pointed out that the excessive pursuit of industrialization and the neglect of environmental issues since China's reform and opening up may lead to the formation and outbreak of regional chemical time bombs that endanger the survival of the country and the nation, and proposed from the national scale. Geochemical monitoring of soil pollution. This is not an alarmist. In 1992, the Department of Science and Technology of the Ministry of Mines and Minerals set up a major basic research project of the National Environmental Geochemical Monitoring Network and the National Dynamic Geochemical Map. According to the "Chemical Time Bomb: New Problems Facing China's Terrestrial Environment", which was formed in 1999 according to the results of the project, it is predicted that chemical time bombs of aluminum may occur in parts of eastern and central and southern China; since the area is also bismuth , copper and cadmium The geochemical high background distribution of 28 elements such as titanium , it is possible to have chemical time bombs of different elements in different time periods and large areas of different regions. In recent years, the Xiangjiang River heavy metals found in soil contaminated crops and some heavy metals exceeded confirmed the prediction. In response to this situation, China's exploration geochemical experts have proposed regional geochemical surveys in the plains. The focus of the survey is to systematically measure the geochemical distribution and distribution characteristics of elements and compounds in different natural media (rocks, soils, sediments, water, plants and gases) on the Earth's surface, determine the geochemical background of the ecosystem, and evaluate human activities. The potential impact of ecosystem security provides basic information for the development, utilization and protection of natural resources, establishes a three-dimensional monitoring network for ecosystems, monitors trends in the chemical elements of the Earth's surface, and prevents the full outbreak of chemical time bombs. In 1999, the China Geological Survey officially launched the “Land Quality Geochemical Survey Programâ€, also known as the multi-target regional geochemical survey program. Land quality geochemical plan, causing soil pollution problems to attract national attention “To some extent, the discovery of soil pollution problems and the scientific judgment of the status quo of soil pollution, as well as the promotion of decision-making to pay close attention to soil pollution issues are the direct result of the implementation of the “Land Quality Geochemical Plan.†Without the implementation of the plan The formulation and introduction of "Ten Shi" may not be so fast." Cheng Hangxin said. Before 2000, China's research on soil pollution has remained at the scientific level. Since soil pollution is not easy to be perceived by the public and is least valued by the management department, there is not even a special agency in the country to manage soil pollution. In 2003, the China Geological Survey Bureau formed a special report based on the survey results in the three regions of Guangzhou, Wuhan and Chengdu from 1999 to 2001, which attracted the attention of the party and state leaders and promoted the “National Soil Status Survey and Pollution Prevention†project. Proposed and approved implementation. Based on the results of this special investigation, in 2014, the Ministry of Environmental Protection and the Ministry of Land and Resources jointly issued the “National Soil Pollution Survey Bulletinâ€. In 2015, the China Geological Survey released the “Cultivated Land Geochemical Survey Report of China (2015)). 》. In the period from 2005 to 2014, the China Geological Survey Bureau has repeatedly reported to the relevant state departments in different forms the basic judgment that China's soil pollution situation is not optimistic. This is also the main basis for the introduction of the “Ten Articlesâ€. In fact, in the 16 years of land quality geochemical surveys from point to point and rapid spread to the whole country, according to incomplete statistics, there have been more than 30 current or current party and state leaders and provincial and ministerial leaders. The work was given a high degree of appraisal and high evaluation, indicating that the government departments at all levels are paying close attention to soil environmental issues. The results of 16 years of arable land geochemical survey provide reference for the formulation of “Ten Articles†In 2014, the China Geological Survey adjusted its business layout and proposed nine major plans and 50 projects. Among them, the “Land Geochemical Investigation Project†was set up in the “National Land Development and Protection Basic Geological Support Planâ€, with the goal of comprehensively understanding China's cultivated land. Quality status, build national land quality monitoring network and early warning system, establish national arable land quality dynamic archives and database, provide national quality data of land quality for the country, demarcate and redefine land use planning for the protection of cultivated land red line, realize land quality and ecological comprehensive management Provide a basis for protection. With the goal of ensuring food security, the scale, intensity, causes and ecological risks of soil heavy metal pollution or exceeding the standard are identified, and the national land resource safety utilization zoning and agricultural product safety production recommendations are proposed. As the chief expert of the land geochemical survey project, Cheng Hangxin introduced that according to the results of the 16-year survey, the China Geological Survey released the “China Farmland Geochemical Survey Report (2015)â€. The report is based on the content of useful elements in soil and harmful elements, geochemical conditions of formation of four major arable judgment, that 13.86 million mu of arable been surveyed, selenium-rich green area of 5244 hectares of arable land, no heavy metal contamination of arable land It was 1.272 billion mu, and the heavy-medium-to-severely polluted arable land area was 34.88 million mu. At the same time, the organic matter in the northeast black soil decreased significantly, and the acidification of cultivated land in the south and the alkalization of cultivated land in the north increased. The judgment of non-polluted cultivated land formed in the report has been effectively applied in land resource management such as land use planning revision, permanent basic farmland delineation, reserve cultivated land resource acceptance, land remediation planning, and cultivated land quality grade monitoring and evaluation; Selenium-enriched cultivated land resources have become an important starting point for local governments to implement accurate poverty alleviation and help farmers in poverty-stricken areas to get rid of poverty. The formation of heavy metal-contaminated cultivated land has been judged by the National Soil and Water Conservation Law and the Soil Pollution Prevention Action Plan. Formulated for reference. The above results not only highlight the key role of geological survey work in agricultural development, soil pollution prevention, precision poverty alleviation and land resource management, but also continuously enhance the basic position of public welfare geological survey in the field of economic and social development, and also lead the way. Explore the direction of geochemistry. Master the quality of the soil environment and fully support the implementation of the “Ten Articles†Since the implementation of the land quality geochemical survey for 16 years, it has formed a series of methods and specifications for investigation, evaluation, monitoring and early warning; it has formed the most rigorous analytical quality monitoring program in the world; it has formed a professional investigation team with thousands of people and rich experience. And more than 20 large analytical testing laboratories or analytical testing centers have accumulated massive survey data. The first of the “Ten Articles†proposed to conduct soil pollution surveys and master the quality of soil environment. Cheng Hangxin said that the land geochemical survey project will promote the professional survey technology, professional investigation team and professional laboratories of the land and resources departments to participate in the soil pollution survey; comprehensively analyze the existing surveys around the specific requirements of the detailed investigation of soil pollution status. Data, delineate the area of ​​heavy metals exceeding the standard, provide a basis for the selection of contaminated arable land plots in the detailed investigation of soil pollution status, and fully support the implementation of the “Soil Pollution Prevention Action Planâ€. The construction of soil environmental quality monitoring network is also proposed in “Ten Shiâ€. As early as 1992, the Ministry of Land and Resources had initially established a national soil environmental geochemical monitoring network. The monitoring points set in the monitoring network are not only an important part of the national soil environmental quality monitoring network, but also provide basic data for judging the trend of soil environmental quality in China. Cheng Hangxin said: "The existing survey results show that the soil heavy metals in some areas of China are closely related to the high geological background. We will make full use of the professional advantages of geochemistry, and the causes of soil heavy metals and soil pollution in typical geological high background areas. Conduct research and research to provide a basis for implementing agricultural land classification management and ensuring the safety of agricultural production environment." "In short, with the continuous advancement of land geochemical survey projects and the detailed implementation of soil pollution conditions, the overall outline of soil pollution in China and the list of land distribution of contaminated cultivated land will be comprehensively identified, and the soil environmental quality status will be mastered. The full implementation of the Ten Articles and the achievement of the work objectives provide the most informative data information support." Testing Center: Serving the whole process of soil pollution prevention Tan Keyan Liu Weiwei Analysis of test service requirements throughout the soil pollution prevention and control. For the China Geological Survey National Geological Experimental Testing Center, which has rich experience in geological analysis and testing and complete analytical testing capabilities, the introduction of “Ten Shi†is an opportunity and a challenge. In recent years, the test center adhered to the idea of ​​“source management, control increment; pollution control, reducing stocksâ€, and carried out research on soil pollution control and restoration in various regions of the country by using geochemical engineering technology, and achieved remarkable results. The research team of the test center set up a demonstration project for heavy metal pollution treatment of 1000 cubic meters of acid mine wastewater per day in Dexing, Jiangxi. The system not only removes heavy metal ions in water by more than 90%, but also raises the pH of the river from acid to near-neutral, and the turbidity is greatly reduced, which fully meets the first-class standard of comprehensive sewage discharge in China. The treated river reaches the water quality of GB5084-92 farmland irrigation. Standard requirements, and suitable for fish survival and reproduction. In the rare earth mining area of ​​Longnan Foot Cave in Jiangxi Province, the soil was added to the ecological bag by adding natural restoration materials to the contaminated soil in the mining area, and a stable ecological slope protection was constructed to successfully realize soil improvement and vegetation restoration in the mining area. In heavy metal pollution areas such as Jiangxi Dayu Huanglong, Hunan Zhuzhou Xiawan, Anhui Tongling and Shenyang Xihe River Basin, researchers at the test center used geochemical engineering-bio-soil remediation technology to block heavy metals such as cadmium, lead , arsenic and mercury . After entering the crops, the yield and quality of the agricultural products planted in the restored farmland soil increased significantly. While exerting the advantages of professional technology to carry out soil pollution prevention and control work, we must also change our thinking and correctly recognize the problem of soil pollution from the perspective of geochemistry. In particular, the harmful elements of soil in regional multi-metal composite pollution areas are mainly controlled by geological background. It is necessary to use ecological geochemistry theory and method to carry out research on the source of pollution elements, migration and transformation, pollution mechanism and risk assessment. Then carry out pollution repair and treatment. To this end, it is necessary to speed up the analysis and testing from elemental analysis to elemental morphology analysis and micro-area quantification, which puts higher requirements on analytical testing. The National Geological Experimental Testing Center can promote and support the implementation of “Ten Shi†in the following aspects: The first is to propose a permanent basic farmland delineation method. The definition of permanent basic farmland should not only be based on the output of cultivated land, facilities and other conditions, but also the quality of cultivated land, including the level of heavy metals and organic pollution in the soil and its pollution level to crops, surface water and groundwater. It is particularly important to propose permanent basic farmland delineation and land resource security zoning methods for heavy metal contaminated areas. The second is to continuously improve the land quality geochemical survey and evaluation system. At present, we have carried out a 1:50,000 land geochemical survey and ecological risk assessment pilot work in Xiantao, Hubei and Yiyang, Hunan. The third is to carry out soil remediation and treatment. On the basis of land quality geochemical survey and ecological risk assessment, soil treatment and restoration are carried out on key polluted land. It is expected that during the “Thirteenth Five-Year Plan†period, a set of regional agricultural heavy metal pollution prevention and control measures will be proposed. The fourth is to establish a soil pollution monitoring system. Establish a soil pollution monitoring system for mine industrial impact areas and high-heavy metal background areas, and timely grasp the information of contaminated soils, including pollutant composition and concentration, so as to timely study and formulate countermeasures to control the increase of soil pollution area and the increase of pollution level. Water Ring Center: Quickly diagnose contaminated sites "disorders" Fan Jizhen China Geological Survey water ring center groundwater and soil pollution investigation team since 2006 under the leadership of Dr. Cai Wutian, began oil, sewage irrigation type, steel, pesticides, soil pollution chromium residue class field survey has been completed Investigations on five types of soil-contaminated sites, such as petroleum, sewage, and steel, have accumulated a large amount of survey data, forming a technical method system for geological survey of different types of contaminated sites. In the petrochemical site investigation, in order to maximize the function of the instrument, the project team explored the method of measuring the gas in the portable volatile organic compounds (VOCs). In the investigation of sewage irrigation sites, the technical personnel of the project team used the portable water quality analyzer to analyze the sewage water quality, which provided a fast and accurate judgment basis for the delineation of the water and soil pollution range in the sewage irrigation area. Combined with China's national conditions and industry characteristics, the team led the preparation of the "Technical Standards for Soil and Groundwater Investigation and Risk Assessment of Contaminated Sites of the China Geological Survey." The technology breaks through the internationally used three-stage survey model and refines it into two stages: preliminary and detailed investigation; it runs through the integrated investigation of soil and groundwater and the concept of pollution source-pathway-receptor system survey; The characteristics of rapid detection technology, combined with remote sensing, geophysical exploration, drilling, well formation, monitoring and other technologies, have achieved rapid, effective and complete diagnosis of site water and soil pollution, with distinctive geological features, and become an important survey and risk assessment of contaminated sites in China. Technical documents. At present, the water ring center groundwater and soil pollution investigation and control technical team is carrying out water and soil pollution survey of the alluvial fan in the Yubei Plain of China. In the future, the Water Ring Center will carry out geological surveys of different types of geotechnical structures and different types of pollution sites in China, and establish a database of survey sites for contaminated sites; relying on typical contaminated sites, polluted hydrogeological test sites and groundwater and soil pollution prevention and control laboratories Repair technology test research and groundwater pollution dynamic monitoring; compile industry technical standards for pollution site investigation, risk assessment and restoration control in China, establish scientific observation technology method system for typical pollutants; actively participate in national pollution site investigation and formulation of relevant technical standards, Provide technical support for comprehensive control of soil and groundwater pollution in China. Mineral Resources Institute: Let heavy metal soil return to clean Liu Guannan In the Ministry of Land and Resources, there is a team dedicated to the research and development of soil remediation technology. This is the soil remediation research team of the Institute of Mineral Resources of the Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, led by Professor Chen Ming and Professor Zhang Jiawen. “The results of the soil pollution survey have found many shocking pollution problems. Therefore, we have laid out the soil remediation technology in advance, and the result is to provide solutions to the problem.†Chen Mingru said. Establish the basic theory of soil remediation - Slow-changing geochemical hazard theory The theory of "gradual geochemical disasters" was developed on the basis of the concept of "chemical time bombs" abroad. Under the guidance of the older generation of scientists such as Xie Xuejin, Wu Chuanqi and Li Jiaxi, and with Yan Guangsheng, Liu Xiaoduan, and other researchers, Chen Ming and others first studied the theory of “gradual geochemical disastersâ€. In 2002, the Ministry of Land and Resources's “10th Five-Year Plan†set up the “Research on Gradual Geochemical Disasters†project. The main contents of the research on slowly changing geochemical disasters include material sources, migration and transformation pathways, laws and influencing factors, disaster chain composition and blocking pathways, quantitative models and predictions of disaster occurrence and development, disaster detection and monitoring and information processing technologies. In 2004, Chen Ming implemented the key international cooperation project of the Ministry of Science and Technology, “Study on Soil and Water Environment Pollution Mechanism and Comprehensive Restoration Technology in Large Citiesâ€, based on the theory of slowly changing geochemical disasters, proposed the combination of carbon lime and other mineral materials for heavy metal contaminated soil remediation. The idea has achieved a better repair effect. In 2012, Chen Ming et al. explored the composition and blocking pathways of the slowly changing geochemical hazard chain of mercury based on the basic theory of slowly changing geochemical hazards in the study of the slowly changing geochemical hazard in the Haixi Economic Zone. Soil mercury stabilizers have been developed by combining natural mineral modification with nanotechnology. Deepen the theory of geochemical engineering - Used for comprehensive repair of water-soil heavy metal pollution The concept of geochemical engineering began to be introduced in China at the beginning of this century. Its principle is to apply geochemical knowledge, ways and methods to achieve environmental pollution control and management through artificially manufactured certain geochemical effects or products manufactured using geochemical principles. technology. Geochemical engineering technology has three major advantages for the repair of heavy metal contaminated soil. First, different non-metallic mineral materials can be selected according to different soil conditions and pollutants. Secondly, some non-metallic minerals have very little heavy metal content. After entering the soil, they can be Under natural conditions, combined with the components in the soil, it will not cause secondary pollution to the environment and can be considered as a kind of cleaning material. Third, due to the low price of non-metallic minerals, low-cost repairing agents have natural advantages. The “Desert Dune System†proposed by Chen Ming et al. is a special Water Treatment System guided by the principles of geochemical engineering. The system uses desert sand as a filter material to purify polluted water through “mechanical filtrationâ€, “chemical action†and “biological actionâ€. On the one hand, the sand dunes can be moistened and no longer moved to fix the moving desert; It can purify polluted water, and finally achieves a good comprehensive ecological environment effect of “damaging harm, fixing sand and controlling water, and gaining more at one strokeâ€. The “Desert Dune System†is a green water treatment system. The raw materials and products required belong to the natural environment and there is no secondary pollution. The system can treat Guanting Reservoir water into two to three types of water from five types and five categories. The principle is also applicable to the comprehensive repair of water source-soil heavy metal "breaking source, shut-off and end treatment". Develop long-term soil remediation agents - Reduce the content of heavy metals in agricultural products At present, many domestic soil remediation agents have the following problems: First, after the repair, the product is easily oxidized, neutralized or dissolved, causing failure, heavy metals are released again, and it is easy to cause soil compaction; second, the materials used are in the soil environment. It is unstable and easily decomposed or degraded. Although some scholars cooperate with new technologies such as nanometers and microorganisms, the drawbacks of low repair efficiency and poor long-term stability cannot be avoided. In order to avoid the above problems, the resource restoration soil research team has taken full advantage of the disciplines of petrology, mineralogy and elemental geochemistry, and exploited the exclusive adsorption of heavy metals by different natural mineral materials to develop high-efficiency soil heavy metal stabilizers. After further physical, chemical and nano-modification, special microstructures can be formed to impede heavy metals in soil particles, which are not easily oxidized, decomposed and re-dissolved, so that the repair effect has long-term stability. Field trials, pilot tests, and or typical demonstrations in Beijing, Tianjin, Fujian, and Henan have proven to be highly efficient and long-term stable. The new repair agent can reduce soil active heavy metals by more than 65% and reduce heavy metals in agricultural products by 70%~95%. Efficient and low-cost heavy metal extraction technology - Permanently repair heavy metal contaminated soil Chen Ming led the research team to regard the soil system as a metallogenic system, using electric power to simulate the multi-stage pulsating hydrothermal mineralization process, artificially simulating the geochemical barrier to develop heavy metal traps, and forming an “in situ ectopic†with geoscience characteristics. The EK-SS electric repair technology can remove 60%~90% of heavy metals in the soil within 48~72 hours, and the cost is close to the EPA's most respected stabilization method, which has great development prospects. The technology can realize permanent repair of heavy metal contaminated soil, and has low cost and high speed. At present, it has two functions of cationic heavy metal contaminated soil remediation and organic contaminated soil remediation, and can be applied to urban polluted sites, heavily polluted soils around mines, industrial and mining. Solid waste, radioactive waste residue and other treatments. Since electric repair is a permanent repair technology, it is a technology that is stipulated in the “Guidelines for the Remediation of Polluted Soils†promulgated by the Ministry of Environmental Protection in 2014 and is preferred under the same conditions. With the implementation of “Ten Shiâ€, the research team will focus on solving the problems of mine environment, metallurgical enterprises, urban high-value polluted land and heavy metal enterprise wastewater and solid waste that cannot be solved by conventional technology. The goal is permanent. The removal of heavy metals and heavy metals in the target is removed, and the source of heavy metals in the land is cut off. At the same time, it will take advantage of the special features of electric repair and soil heavy metal fixed stabilization technology, and apply the existing repair technology to contaminated soil (waste residue) such as industrial and mining, non-ferrous metal ore dressing and smelting, petroleum processing, chemical industry, coking, electroplating, and tanning. Repair and industrialize and market existing technologies and products as soon as possible. Plastic Chair Mold,Manufactuer For Molding,Beer Turnover Crate,Fruit Crate Basket Taizhou Langshun Trade Co.,ltd , https://www.lsblowingmachine.com