Aluminum is one of the most widely distributed elements in the earth's crust and is a philophilic oxophilic element. Aluminum in nature into multiple oxides, hydroxides and an oxygen-containing aluminum silicate, aluminum metal rarely found in nature. There are 258 aluminum-containing minerals known in nature, of which about 43 are common minerals. In fact, aluminum deposits consisting of pure minerals are not available, and are generally symbiotic and mixed with impurities. From an economic and technical point of view, not all aluminum-containing minerals can be industrial raw materials. The aluminum ore used for refining aluminum metal is mainly composed of boehmite, boehmite or gibbsite. The former Soviet Union used alumina and alumite to extract alumina due to the lack of bauxite resources. China sulfur phosphorus aluminum strontium ore can be integrated recovery of alumina. The diaspore is also known as boehmite. The structural formula and molecular formula are AlO(OH) and Al2O3.H2O. orthorhombic, respectively. The crystals are intact, columnar, plate-like, scaly, needle-like, prismatic, and the like. The boehmite in the ore generally contains different amounts of the same type of mixed materials such as TiO2, SiO2, Fe2O3, Ga2O3, Nb2O5, Ta2O5, and TR2O3. The diaspore is soluble in acid and alkali, but it is very weakly dissolved under normal temperature and pressure, and needs to be completely decomposed under high temperature and high pressure and strong acid or alkali concentration. A diaspore formed in acidic medium, with a boehmite, hematite, goethite, kaolinite, chlorite, pyrite and other symbiotic. Its hydration can become gibbsite, dehydration can become α- corundum , can be replaced by kaolinite, pyrite, siderite, chlorite. Boehmite, also known as boehmite and soft boehmite, has the structural formula AlO(OH), and its molecular formula is Al2O3.H2O. orthorhombic system. The crystallized ones are rhomboid, prismatic, prismatic, needle-like, Fibrous and hexagonal plate. The boehmite in the ore often contains isomorphisms such as Fe2O3, TiO2, Cr2O, and Ga2O3. Boehmite is soluble in acids and bases. The mineral is formed in an acidic medium and is mainly produced in deposited bauxite, which is characterized by symbiosis with siderite. It can be replaced by diaspore, gibbsite, kaolinite, etc., dehydration can be converted into diaspore and alpha corundum, and hydration can become gibbsite. The gibbsite is also known as bauxite, oxyaluminum, structural Al(OH), and its molecular formula is Al2O3.3H2O. Monoclinic system. The crystals are intact and have hexagonal plate shape and prism shape, often in the form of fine crystal. Aggregate or twin crystal, the gibbsite in the ore is mostly an irregular aggregate, which contains different amounts of TiO2, SiO2, Fe2O3, Nb2O5, Ta2O5, Ga2O3 and other similar crystal or mechanical mixture. The gibbsite is soluble in acid and alkali, and the powder is completely dissolved after heating to 100 ° C for 2 h. The mineral is formed in an acidic medium. In the weathering crust, gibbsite is a primary mineral and a major ore mineral, which is symbiotic with kaolinite, goethite, hematite, and illite. The gibbsite dehydration can be turned into boehmite, diaspore and alpha corundum, which can be replaced by kaolinite and kaolinite. The chemical composition of bauxite is mainly Al2O3, SiO2, Fe2O3, TiO2, H2O+, the total amount of the five components is more than 95% of the composition, generally >98%, and the minor components are S, CaO, MgO, K2O, Na2O, CO2. MnO2, organic matter, carbonaceous, etc., and trace components include Ga, Ge, Nb, Ta, TR, Co, Zr, V, P, Cr, Ni, and the like. Al2O3 mainly occurs in aluminum minerals - diaspore, boehmite, gibbsite, and secondly in silicon minerals (mainly kaolinite minerals). Under endogenous conditions, due to the widespread presence of silica, Al2O3 and SiO2 are often tightly combined into various aluminosilicate minerals. These minerals generally have an aluminum to silicon ratio of less than 1, while industrially, aluminum ores generally require Al2O3 ≥ 40%. Al/Si>1.8～2.6, so industrial aluminum deposits are rarely formed under endogenous conditions. At present, most known industrial bauxites at home and abroad are formed under epigenetic conditions. There are two main forms of bauxite formation under epigenetic conditions: weathering-residual (remaining) ore-forming (red earth mineralization) and weathering-transport-deposition mineralization or weathering-reconstruction-redeposition mineralization (deposition mine). Weathering-residual (remaining) mineralization is a favorable topography (such as residual hills, low mountains and terraces) with good excretion in the hot and humid climate of the aluminous parent rock. Due to the weathering decomposition of water, CO2 and organisms, the parent rock The soluble organic substances K, Na, Ca, Mg and SiO2 are leached and discharged, and the substances with small activity, Al, Fe and Ti remain in situ to form laterite bauxite. Weathering-transport-deposition mineralization is an aluminized rock, red earth weathering crust or formed laterite deposit, mechanically or chemically weathered and denuded by gravity, water and natural acids (sulfuric acid, carbonic acid, organic acid). Physical and chemical transformations such as handling, forming bauxite deposits in hillside depressions, valleys, offshore lake basins or coastal lagoons, and limited basins, forming sedimentary bauxite deposits in aqueous media environments. Bauxite ore contains useful components gallium, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, titanium, cerium and other radioactive elements, these components can be integrated value associated recovery. The sulfur, CO2, MgO and P2O5 in the ore are harmful components, which is not conducive to the smelting and recovery of aluminum. Bauxite ore is classified according to the main aluminum-containing minerals contained therein: gibbsite type, boehmite type and diaspore type. The foreign bauxite ore is mainly gibbsite type, followed by a boehmite type, and a diaspore type bauxite is rare. However, China is mainly a diaspore-type bauxite mine, and gibbsite-type bauxite is rare. The foreign gibbsite-type bauxite mine is characterized by high aluminum, low silicon and high iron. The ore has good quality and is suitable for Bayer process with low energy consumption. China's diaspore type bauxite is characterized by high aluminum, high silicon, low sulfur and low iron, medium and low aluminum to silicon ratio, poor ore quality, difficult processing, and high energy consumption in alumina production. .
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