Phosphorite ore dressing technology

Jiangsu Jinping phosphorus ore beneficiation plant is the first of 1.2 million t of ore processing large sedimentary metamorphic rock phosphate flotation plant, built in 1958 and put into production. Subsequently, in 1976, a medium-sized magmatic rock-type apatite flotation plant with an annual processing capacity of 300,000 tons of ore was built and put into operation at the Maying Phosphorus Mine in Hebei Province. The completion of these two plants indicates that China has mastered the mineral processing technology of the easy-selected phosphate rock. The following are the applications of industrial production.

Flotation method

China's phosphate rock generally contains high MgO, and the phosphorus mineral and gangue mineral are symbiotic and closely embedded. The size of the inlay is fine. Only by flotation method can we obtain better separation effect. Therefore, flotation method is the most used in China's phosphate ore dressing. a way.

The flotation method includes direct flotation, reverse flotation, anti-positive (positive-reverse) flotation and double reverse flotation. Direct flotation processes and reverse flotation processes are used in production practice.

(1) The direct flotation process uses an effective inhibitor to inhibit the gangue minerals in the phosphate ore, and the collector is used to concentrate the phosphorus minerals in the flotation foam. The process has been successfully applied to the ore dressing industry production of magmatic rock type apatite and sedimentary metamorphic apatite ore. The Jiangsu Jinping Phosphate ore dressing plant is a typical example.

Sedimentary silicocalcium (calcium silicon) phosphate rock is recognized as a refractory phosphate rock in the world. Since the development of the direct flotation process for the "S" series of inhibitors, breakthroughs have been made in the beneficiation technology of such phosphorite ore.

(2) Reverse flotation process The reverse flotation process is mainly used for the separation of phosphorus minerals and dolomite. The inorganic acid is used as the pH adjuster for the slurry. In the weakly acidic medium, the dolomite is floated with the fatty acid collector. Minerals are enriched in the tank product. The biggest advantage is that the room temperature flotation is realized, and the coarse particle size of the groove product is beneficial to the post-treatment of the product. The process has been successfully applied to the beneficiation industry production of the phosphate rock in the Yanfu Phosphorus Deposit. 2. Rub the mud process

In the mid-1960s, China began to study the rubbing and eluting mud of Liuyang Phosphorus Mine in Hunan Province, and achieved certain results. In the early 1980s, the research on the Haikou Phosphorite Mine in Yunnan was carried out, and then it was expanded to the low- magnesium weathering mine in the Dianchi area. At present, this technology has been successfully developed and applied to the production of phosphate rock in Dianchi area.

The process principle is simple, purely physical beneficiation, that is, the weathered phosphate rock is scrubbed or ground in water to remove surface mud and enrich the phosphorus mineral. The process enrichment ratio is not large, and can only increase the P2O5 grade by 3 to 5 percentage points. Among them, the more typical and the better effect is the Haikou Phosphate Weathered Mine. In 1995, Jinning Phosphate Mine Scrub Factory was completed and put into production. 3. Heavy medium sorting technology

The difference in specific gravity between minerals is the key to heavy media separation. China began research in the mid-1980s and found that the key to its technology is whether it can strictly control the separation ratio between 2.8 and 2.9. In 1992, Hubei Yichang Huaguoshu Phosphorus Heavy Medium Plant was put into operation. Heavy medium sorting technology has broad development prospects due to its high sorting efficiency and low environmental pollution. In the long run, this technology is expected to be used as a pre-selection operation to pre-exclude most of the gangue from low-grade phosphate rock, thereby improving the effectiveness of subsequent sorting operations. 4. Roasting digestion process

This is a chemical beneficiation method, mainly used for carbonate-type phosphate ore containing little silicate minerals. Using carbonate minerals to liberate CO2 at high temperature, then adding water to hydrate CaO and MgO into fine-grained Ca(OH)2 and Mg(OH)2, and removing calcium and magnesium hydroxide by fractional technology to make phosphorus Mineral enrichment.

The process has obtained good results in the selection of phosphate rock in Hejiayan, Guizhou Yufu, Datang, etc. in Shaanxi, and has completed the expansion test. However, due to high energy consumption, difficulty in handling the exposed lime milk, and difficulty in production control, it has not been promoted and applied. 5. Chemical dressing

This method is mainly used to exclude carbonate minerals, especially MgO, to reduce the MgO content in the concentrate to less than 0.5%. Due to the high processing cost, it is only possible to use this technology to treat concentrates if the quality of the concentrate obtained by other beneficiation processes cannot meet the requirements of subsequent processing.

In the phosphate ore chemical beneficiation, the extractants used as carbonate minerals are mainly ammonium chloride, sulfuric acid and sulfur dioxide, among which sulfuric acid is the most widely used. 6. Photoelectric picking technology

Photoelectric beneficiation is the use of color difference between ore and gangue to replace artificial hand selection; it is rarely used in phosphate rock production. China has conducted photoelectric picking research on the Kaiyang Phosphorus Mine, which is mainly used to pick up the top dolomite mixed in the mining and obtain certain effects.

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