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Yu Quan: Discrimination of Intelligent Transportation and Intelligent Transportation
The concept of smart transportation is becoming more and more popular in the transportation industry. For a time, no wisdom, no traffic, no traffic or wisdom, it seems that China’s transportation has entered the beauty of comprehensive wisdom, wisdom of the entire people, and wisdom of the entire company. Of course, many people in the industry also raise questions:
Smart traffic and intelligent transportation, who is better? Is the ultimate direction of smart traffic or smart traffic? Where are the two in common? Where is the difference between the two? The author tries to organize his understanding as follows, hoping to ask for a stone and try it out.
1. What is Intelligent Transportation
As we all know, intelligent transportation systems are developing at an alarming rate in the world. Many countries in the world are scrambling to conduct development research. It can be said that the current three systems of the United States, Japan, and Europe dominate the development of intelligent transportation technologies from the annual ITS WORLD CONGRESS conference. The venue can be found in the 24th conference to be held in Montreal, Canada, starting in 1994 and ending in 2017, except for the 5th in 1998, the 17th in 2010 and the 22nd in 2015 in Korea, and the 14th in 2007. The session was held in China and the 23rd session in 2016 was held in Australia. The other 19 meetings were held in the United States, Japan, and Europe.
On the one hand, there is a demand for economic stimulus development on the one hand, and on the other hand, it is also a testimony to the development level and strength of local intelligent transportation.
The name of the Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) was first proposed by the Japanese Yasuhiro Iguchi in 1990. Perhaps the ITS at that time had not yet attracted sufficient understanding of the industry. Until 1994, the American Vehicle Research Institute IVHS (Intelligent Vehicle Highway Society) was renamed ITS. After America, the name of ITS was popularized and popularized.
According to the definition of the chairman of the first ITS World Congress, the intelligent traffic system is based on a relatively complete road infrastructure, and the advanced information technology, communication technology, control technology, sensor technology, and system integration technology are effectively integrated and applied. Ground transportation system to establish a real-time, accurate, and efficient ground transportation system to play a role in a wide range.
The intelligent transportation system integrates people, vehicles, and roads into consideration.
In the system, information technology, data communication transmission technology, electronic sensing technology, satellite navigation and positioning technology, electronic control technology, computer processing technology and traffic engineering technology are used, and series technologies are effectively integrated and applied to the entire traffic. In the transportation management system, people, vehicles, and roads are closely coordinated to achieve a harmonious and unified structure, which exerts a synergistic effect, greatly improves the transportation efficiency, ensures the traffic safety, improves the transportation environment, and improves the energy utilization efficiency.
The "person" in the intelligent transportation system refers to all persons related to the transportation system, including traffic managers, operators and participants; "car" includes means of delivery for various modes of transport; "road" includes various modes of transportation Roads and routes.
"Intelligence" is the most fundamental feature of ITS that distinguishes it from traditional transportation systems.
By using the following schematic diagram of the intelligent traffic system, it can be found that regardless of the number of subsystems and the number of linked objects, the information interaction is carried out through the traffic integrated information center or platform, or that centralized, integrated intelligent traffic is Put forward the original intention of the intelligent transportation system.
Energy transportation system diagram 1
Intelligent Transportation System Diagram 2
2. What is smart transportation
The changes of the times, the development of technology, and the “barbarous†growth of data have triggered the arrival of the “data is king†era of big data, which has brought about major changes in the development of transportation. The development and application of technologies such as Big Data, Internet of Things, mobile Internet, and cloud computing (abbreviated as “bigâ€, “materialâ€, “movingâ€, and “cloudâ€) in the transportation sector not only infuse new technological connotations into intelligent transportation. It also has a huge impact on the introduction, development, and concept of smart transportation systems.
In 2009, IBM put forward the concept of smart transportation.
Its philosophy originated from the idea of ​​smart planet proposed by IBM in the economic crisis of 2008. But if you visit the smart traffic part of the IBM website now, you can find that its products, technologies or cases serving smart transportation are all around aviation, logistics, trains and travel. Its real motivation is to sell big data, cloud platform services, etc. for these areas.
However, with the opportunity presented by its smart cities, the concept of smart transportation has become so popular in the country.
According to some claims, the predecessor of smart transportation is the Intelligent Transport System (ITS), which is based on intelligent transportation and integrates high-tech IT technologies such as the Internet of Things, cloud computing, big data, and mobile Internet, and is assembled through high-tech technologies. Traffic information, providing traffic information services under real-time traffic data.
A large number of data processing technologies such as data models and data mining are used to realize the systemic, real-time nature of smart transportation, the interaction of information exchange, and the breadth of services. With the in-depth research and application of big data technology, it provides support for traffic management, transportation, public transportation, and all aspects of transportation, as well as the entire process of traffic construction management, so that the transportation system can be provided in even larger space-time areas in regions and cities. Perceived, interconnected, analyzed, forecasted, and controlled capabilities to fully ensure traffic safety, maximize the effectiveness of transportation infrastructure, improve the operational efficiency and management level of transportation systems, and provide services for unimpeded public travel and sustainable economic development.
The schematic diagram of the smart transportation system is generally divided into 5 layers, the perception layer, the network layer, the cloud platform, the database, and the application layer.
Smart Transportation System Architecture Diagram
3. Defence of Intelligent Transportation and Intelligent Transportation
We might as well refer to the book “Smart,†written by French sociologist and journalist Frederic Martel. The author thinks that the process from feeling memory to thinking is called “wisdomâ€. The result of wisdom produces behavior and language, and the process of expressing behavior and language is called “abilityâ€. Both are collectively called “intelligenceâ€. The entire process of feeling, memory, memory, thinking, language, and behavior is called an intelligent process. It is an expression of intelligence and ability.
In addition, from a biological point of view, wisdom is an advanced comprehensive ability based on neural organs (material basis) that organisms have: perception, knowledge, memory, understanding, association, emotion, logic, discrimination, calculation, and analysis. , judgment, culture, moderation, tolerance, decision, and other capabilities.
Wisdom allows people to deeply understand people, things, things, society, the universe, the status quo, the past, and the future. They have the ability to think, analyze, and seek truth. Different from intelligence, wisdom means that the ultimate function of the intellectual organ is similar to the "transformation of metaphysical predestination." Intelligence is "the device of the shape and the down." Wisdom enables us to make decisions that lead to success, and wise people call it wise.
From a strategic point of view, from a strategic point of view, the level of smart transportation is focused on logic, thinking, and exploration. Smart traffic should be the informationization of design and planning traffic from the national level or the overall level. Its function is closer to that of the brain in a variety of situations. Think through the process of making decisions.
From a tactical point of view, the intelligent traffic level is more focused on execution, operation, and expression. Intelligent traffic should be a combination of behavioral and linguistic expression processes after the intelligent thinking process.
Therefore, we can not define the two in the following way: When a project is more elaborated from the perspective of strategic planning or vision for the future, it is more appropriate to use smart transportation rhetoric; if a project is more down-to-earth, paying Implementations, emphasizing the process in which the various systems can take root and produce results, may be better described by intelligent transportation.
Therefore, it seems that smart transportation is higher than intelligent transportation awareness. After we analyze its origin and development process and content, can we put the two in the right place, take their respective positions, and perform their duties. Like the "academic schools" and "practical schools" of the transportation industry, the former pays more attention to theory, and of course wants to combine practice. The latter places more emphasis on application, and of course theoretical support.
Smart transportation is a “metaphysical†approach that has gradually emerged in the development of intelligent transportation. The two depend on each other and grow with each other.
(Original title without wisdom, no traffic, no traffic, no wisdom | Yu Quan: Intelligent traffic and intelligent traffic analysis | Yu Jun, Associate Professor, School of Urban Transportation, Beijing University of Technology)