Survey shows that migrant workers have a backflow situation much smaller than in 2008

According to media reports, due to sluggish exports of traditional industries and macro-control of real estate, the "surge of returning hometowns" for migrant workers that appeared before and after the Spring Festival has now appeared in many places; The foreign financial crisis affected 2008.

Did a migrant worker return home this year? In early August, a reporter from the People’s Daily “certification” column conducted investigations in labor export provinces such as Henan and Sichuan.

Question 1: Is there a "back home tide"?

[Investigation] In the first half of the year, migrant workers returning to rural areas in Henan accounted for about 6% of the number of workers working outside the province;

In the Zhengzhou rural human resources market in Henan Province near Zhengzhou Erma Road, the reporter saw that there were not many people looking for a job and they were talking together in twos and threes. Gushi peasant Wang Jincai has just returned from Dongguan, Guangdong Province. “The child at home is big, and the old person is also old. I have a welding skill and I haven’t got any work. After returning to Zhengzhou, I’m close to my hometown.”

In the relatively large informal labor market in Zhengzhou, there are more migrant workers looking for work. Lv Yanhui, who had just come back from the south, came from Taikang, Zhoukou City. He told reporters that most of the people around came from home. People who came back from the south like him did not have one in ten. Afterwards, the reporter went to several migrant workers' labor markets that were spontaneously formed in Zhengzhou City. It was also found that only a small proportion of migrant workers returned from outside the province.

Will the peasant unions not return home directly? The reporter went to the county of Minquan County, Henan Province, where labor services were exported, and found that the situation was not the same. "The 20 sisters we went out together are all back," said Wang Qingmei, a farmer in the Garden Township. Zhang Xiuqin, a peasant in Qimiao Township, has different feelings: “Since I came back from a big child, my sisters still work in Zhejiang.” The reporter also visited many local places and found that there were not many migrant workers returning from other provinces.

In the Bureau of Human Resources and Social Security of the Civil Rights Bureau, the reporter received a set of figures: In the civil rights county, 134,500 people were transferred from outside the province in 2011, and migrant workers returned to 29,000 people. From January to July 2012, a total of 50,000 migrant workers returned to their hometowns, an increase of 21,000 from the previous year. However, compared with the return of 100,000 people during the foreign financial crisis in 2008, it is still not much.

The Office of Migrant Workers of the Department of Human Resources and Social Security of Henan Province also provided a set of data: In the first half of 2012, 11.19 million people were exported from outside Henan Province, and 710,000 people were returned from outside the province. The number of migrant workers returning from the province accounted for the number of employees outside the province. 6%, an increase of 430,000 from 350,000 in the same period last year. Director Liao Zhihua explained that from a digital point of view, the number of people has more than doubled and there is an early return, but it is a “little tide” and cannot be compared with the “big tide” that returned 300 million people in 2008. .

The reporter learned from the Office of the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security of Sichuan Province that the transfer of Sichuan rural laborers from province to province was reduced from 58.7% to 55.6%, 54.6%, and 52.4% year-to-year, respectively. By the end of June 2012, this proportion has dropped to 48.2%. Cao Qing, director of the department, believes that the return of migrant workers in the near future cannot be compared with the “return of hometown” in the foreign financial crisis in 2008 because the number of migrant workers in Sichuan province has been increasing in recent years. Zhou Chang, head of the expert group of the Sichuan Provincial Public Employment Service Equalization Research Project, said that since 2008, the number of inter-provincial labor migration in Sichuan Province has been showing a negative growth trend. The recent return of migrant workers is only a natural extension of this trend. .

In Henan, China Mobile’s Henan company’s “Two Cities” tariff program launched by Henan Company is consistent with the law of migrant workers working outside and has opened a hotline to help migrant workers find jobs. The consumer groups are mainly migrant workers. Zhou Gang, the marketing and management center staff of the company's marketing department, told the reporter that due to the return of migrant workers to the countryside during the Spring Festival, the number of people used will exceed 3 million, and the average number will be stable at more than 2 million. The figure for this year is basically the same as last year, with no more than 200,000 fluctuations.

Question 2: Why did some migrant workers return?

[Survey] The economic downturn in the coastal areas has "pushing force"; at the same time, there is a "pull force" in the development of inland economy. Many migrant workers believe that returning home to employment is more cost-effective.

Is returning home because coastal work is hard to find?

At the Chengdu Railway Station in Sichuan, there are many returning migrant workers carrying large bags. Wang Chongbao from Jintang County, Chengdu, told reporters that he was doing dishwashing in a restaurant in Guangzhou. His wages were less than 3,000 yuan a month. "I heard that fellow locals in Chengdu had a salary of 2,500 yuan for a small worker every month. Even the food and accommodation, of course, comes back to the bargain."

Similarly, in Zhengzhou Railway Station Square, the reporter interviewed a number of migrant workers who had just returned home and found that most of the reasons for choosing to come back were not because the coastal work was difficult to find, but that it was better to work outside the hometown than to work outside. After the 80's migrant workers from Linzhou Gao Liang told reporters that working in Zhejiang to remove expenses, fell less than 1,000 yuan a month, back to Zhengzhou, although the relatively small number of wage earners, but the cost is small, but also often go home.

Analysis of the reasons for the return, LZ Zhihua believes that, on the one hand, the decline in domestic exports, triggering a decline in demand for labor in Southeast coastal enterprises, coupled with the adjustment of the country’s industrial structure, resulting in some migrant workers unemployed or income reduction choose to return home; at the same time, after 2008, some The inward migration of coastal enterprises seeks new resources and markets, and has also formed the thrust of the return of migrant workers. "Only Foxconn came to Zhengzhou and brought back 100,000 Henan migrant workers." Lu Zhihua said.

He Xuerui, an associate researcher at the Henan Academy of Social Sciences, believes that compared with the “surge of return” in 2008, this year’s migrant workers’ return difference is obvious: first, only in local and individual industries; second, returning crowds are concentrated in older and low-skilled people. At the same time, the new changes in the home environment also let outings take the initiative to choose to come back.

In the first half of this year, Sichuan transferred 21.06 million rural laborers, of which 10.91 million were transferred within the province. Fu Shaohong, director of the Sichuan Academy of Social Sciences Institute of Management Studies, said that although Sichuan's recent “return to hometown” has caused the company’s layoffs due to difficulties in the growth of foreign trade in the coastal areas, the main reason is the restructuring of the industrial structure of the eastern and western regions and the income of the Mainland. Increase and improve working environment. "For example, in Chengdu, Foxconn and Intel's production bases digest tens of thousands of local laborers. The conditions for local companies are getting better and better. Migrant workers are certainly willing to choose to come back." Fu Shaohong said.

Question 3: Can migrant workers go home to work?

[Survey] Hometowns Move to Repatriate Migrant Workers

After the wheat was harvested, the farmers who were preparing to return to the south in Minquan County saw a letter “To the county’s migrant workers” at the train station. This letter was written by Song Zhengbo, the director of the Bureau of Human Resources and Social Security of Minquan County. His deep affectionate words and introductions to changes in his hometown have stopped many peasants who have rushed to buy tickets.

Turning to Huimin's civil servants, Liu Zhanqi, a peasant in Chengguan Township, felt that he had made a "wise decision." She has now studied welding technology for two months at the Civil Rights Vocational Training Center. Liu Zhanqi did not have any hard technology in the past. He spent several years in Zhejiang to pack bicycles. "There is no confidence in no technology," said Liu Zhanqi. "Not only do we send training, we also recommend jobs. As long as we don't take no action, we can arrange employment within 48 hours," said Cui Qiang, director of the Labor and Employment Bureau of the Civil Rights Bureau. At present, Liu Zhanqi has reached an employment intention with the Xiangxuehai enterprise. After the training is over, he can go to work and pay 2,000 yuan per month. The number of "relief workers" like Liu Zhanqi has accumulated over 50,000.

“Dare to “pay pack” for migrant workers because the development of the civil rights industry cluster has created a lot of job opportunities.” Su Donglin, deputy director of the Bureau of Human Resources and Social Security of Minquan County, told reporters. Through investment promotion, the civil rights industry gathering area has gathered 20 refrigeration companies including Xiangxuehai, Bingxiong, and Wanbao, supporting 30 companies and employing more than 100,000 workers.

Lu Zhihua said that in the first half of Henan province, the number of people employed in the province increased by 1.64 million compared to 12.75 million in the same period last year. He also said that in the first half of the year, the gross national product of Henan Province increased by 10.3%, 2.5 percentage points higher than the national average. The economic development usually brings a lot of jobs. If migrant workers return to their hometowns, there will be very few situations where they can only return to the countryside to work.

In addition to the increasing demand for employment, the policy environment to encourage entrepreneurship has also promoted the return of migrant workers. According to data from Sichuan Province, in the first half of 2012, more than 30,000 migrant workers in Sichuan Province returned home to start businesses and established 2,086 enterprises.

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