Well structure concept The well body structure refers to a combination of a sleeve and a cement ring which are formed by a shaft line which is formed by a diameter, a depth, and a different action, and each of which is cemented to seal the annular space. Composition and function The well body structure is mainly composed of a pipe, a surface casing, a technical casing, an oil casing, and a cement ring outside the casing. Catheter The first layer of casing that is lowered into the well structure is called a conduit. Its role is to maintain the surface layer near the wellhead. 2. Surface casing The second casing in the well structure is called a surface casing, which is generally tens to hundreds of meters. After entering, cement the cement to return to the ground. Its role is to seal the unstable soft formation and water layer in the upper part. 3. Technical casing The casing between the surface casing and the casing is called a technical casing. It is a casing that is drilled to the destination layer when it encounters a complex formation such as a high-pressure oil and gas water layer, a lost layer and a collapse layer. The level of the casing is determined by the number of complex layers. The role is to separate complex formations that are difficult to control and keep the drilling work going smoothly. 4. Oil casing The innermost layer of casing in the well structure is called the casing. The depth of the casing casing is determined by the depth of the well and the completion method. It is generally required that the cementing cement be returned to the top of the uppermost oil and gas layer 100 to 150 meters. Its role is to seal the oil and gas water layer and establish a channel for long-term exploitation of oil and gas. 5. Refers to the distance between the cement slurry along the casing and the borehole wall and the annular space back to the plane of the turntable during cementing. Related terms 1. Drilling depth: The distance from the plane on the plate to the last position drilled by the drill bit when the drilling is completed. 2. Casing depth: from the upper plane of the turntable to the depth of the casing shoe. 3. Artificial bottom: When drilling or testing oil, the cement plug left in the casing is called the artificial bottom. The depth is the distance from the plane on the turntable to the bottom of the manhole. Sand casting parts could serve in many industries including hydraulics, automotive, commercial truck, rail trains, logistics, agricultural machinery...etc. The castings mainly are used as gearbox housing, pressure pump housing, engine blocks, cylinder heads, transmission box, bracket, Wheel Hub, connecting rods, manifolds...etc.
✔ Lower Cost due to its cheap and recyclable mold materials and simple production equipment.
✔ Wide range of unit weight from 0.10 kg to 500 kgs or even bigger.
✔ Various Structure from simple type to complex type.
✔ Suitable for production requirements of various quantity
✔ Diverse metals could be cast by sand casting including ferrous metals and non-ferrous metals
✔ Long lifespan of the mold
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Advantages of Sand Casting
