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After undergoing a round of price adjustment, high oil prices have become a shadow that lingers in the hearts of car owners. All kinds of signs show that in the short term, the price of oil does not fall back. On July 5, the light crude oil futures for August delivery on the New York Mercantile Exchange closed at US$75.19 a barrel, the highest since the launch of the crude oil futures trading in 1983.
In the era of high oil prices, finding a “shortcut†that caters to the market and conforms to the economic laws naturally becomes one of the directions of the auto manufacturers. Diesel power, hybrid power, hydrogen fuel cells... A series of new automotive energy solutions are gradually being transformed from ideas into reality. However, when a new power model that conforms to energy conservation and environmental protection concept is born in the laboratory, it does not mean that it can take it for granted that it can proceed unimpededly in the market. The cost of construction costs is one aspect. The extent to which policy support and consumer acceptance is also an important factor.
In this regard, the current trend is the most fashionable hybrid car. December 15, 2005, China's first hybrid car, FAW Toyota Prius off the Assembly Line, and formally put on the market in March this year. Immediately thereafter, several auto companies such as FAW, Dongfeng, Chang'an, Chery, Geely, and BYD announced their respective hybrid vehicle plans and were ambitious to open up this new battlefield.
Prius "has no applause"
"Since this year's official sales in March, an average of one month has failed to sell one." A dealer of Hangzhou FAW Toyota told reporters that the sales of Hangzhou's four dealers together have just exceeded 10 vehicles. In the eyes of the dealer, such sales are expected. "At least at present, manufacturers just put it as a concept to the market, and never hope that it can become a running product." He said.
Regardless of whether it is environmental protection or energy saving, Prius is a good car. People who know it all say so. The basic principle of Prius hybrid power is to store the mechanical power potential of the brake in the battery through a specific device, thereby realizing the interactive use of gasoline and electric power. The more roads are congested and the more brakes, the more Prius's advantage is. Due to the low fuel consumption, the amount of exhaust gas will be reduced, and the environmental protection effect is more obvious than that of ordinary automobiles.
How large is the cost of Prius's car? Yesterday, the reporter found Mr. Dong, a user of Prius Hangzhou. “I mainly opened the road in the urban area and I had to go up at high speed. After careful calculation, the fuel consumption per 100 kilometers is less than 6 liters.†Because Prius has a small advantage in high speed (less braking), according to Mr. Dong’s In the case of Hangzhou, the fuel consumption per 100 kilometers can be controlled at about 5 liters. In the same class of vehicles with a displacement of 1.5, the fuel consumption per 100 kilometers in the urban area is about 9 liters. For simple comparison, the Prius can save 3 liters of gasoline for a hundred kilometers, which is about 15.4 yuan (97, 5.13 yuan/liter). Calculating with 20,000 kilometers a year, it can save oil more than 3,000 yuan. If the traffic congestion cannot be eased or the oil prices continue to rise, the cost advantage of the Prius car will be further reflected.
“For a car with more than 100,000 yuan, it can be a considerable figure to save a few thousand yuan in fuel costs in a year. However, in the face of the price of 300,000 yuan for Prius, this advantage also exists. No longer existed.†Mr. Dong frankly stated that when he first decided to purchase Prius, the cost advantage of the car was only one of the factors that attracted him. Most importantly, he thought this was a car that represented fashion and future direction. .
In fact, Mr. Dong said that it is not only Prius's embarrassment but also the common entanglements of other new power models that the price is relatively high. FAW Toyota is not unaware of this embarrassment. It is also making efforts to promote Prius. For example, FAW Toyota has already cooperated with Sinopec, and Prius will enjoy price concessions when it refuels, hoping to drive sales.
New power cars need more policy support
Because of the previous R&D investment and high cost, it seems unlikely that the new power model will win the product price to occupy the market. People in the industry believe that in this process, government departments should play a policy guiding role.
"Prius is a domestic car, but 90% of the accessories are imported from abroad and it is difficult to find a price for the price. According to the current price, our profit is close to zero." Sales of FAW Toyota Motor Sales Co., Ltd. Public relations manager Li Xiang told reporters that Prius's price is hard to drop in the short term.
If prices do not come, sales will not go up; sales will not go up, the unit's production costs will be high, and the prices will fall. How can Prius escape this dilemma? Li Xiang believes that the relevant government departments should introduce preferential policies for energy-saving and environmentally friendly new models. “In many countries, the government has tilted its policies on the taxation of Prius. Other preferential measures include free parking fees, priority access on public roads, etc.†Li Xiang believes that in the initial stage of the market, policies should be the largest driving force. Although the relevant government departments have repeatedly promised to support the development of energy-saving and environmentally-friendly models, such as the new automobile consumption tax policy on April 1 this year, it is expressly stated that hybrid vehicles will enjoy tax benefits, but until now they have not seen the specific preferential treatment. Measures. Obviously, the relevant departments have a long way to go in this area.
If Prius is still trying to make a market, then if the hydrogen fuel cell cars with higher cost and more thorough environmental protection do not have policy support, I am afraid that there will be no marketization opportunities. And if there is no long-term marketing, relying on technological progress to reduce production costs has become a paper.
"Oil to gas" promotion to the family chair is a bit difficult
Also a product of high oil prices, "oil-to-gas" as another energy-saving method has become a subject of discussion among vehicle owners in recent years.
The so-called "oil-to-gas" is the conversion of gasoline from gasoline to liquefied petroleum gas. It only requires the addition of a liquefied gas cylinder for fuel supply and a new ignition system. According to calculations, cars that travel the same mileage will burn less than 1/3 of the harmful gas in the exhaust gas compared with oil. In addition, because gasoline and liquefied petroleum gas with the same combustion value have a price difference, it will be more economical to change to gas. At present, there are about 700 vehicles in Hangzhou that have completed “oil to gas†and a car can save an average of 50 yuan per day.
“A lot of people have misunderstood the idea of ​​'oil to gas' and think that 'gas to gas' will be completely gasified after all. This is actually not the case.†Hangzhou is currently the only company operating the “oil to gas†project in Hangzhou Green Energy Gas Development and Application Co., Ltd. Zhang Xiaodong, general manager of the company, told the reporter that the “oil-to-gas†project currently being promoted on the Hangzhou market is actually a mixture of gasoline and liquefied petroleum gas. The system will automatically burn gasoline during the start-up phase or when there is insufficient power, and it will burn liquefied petroleum gas when driving at a constant speed or at a low speed. Moreover, the conversion is very simple.
However, Zhang Xiaodong admitted to reporters that "oil-to-gas" promotion in Hangzhou did not go smoothly. The cost of refitting a car is at least 8,000 yuan. If it is a taxi, the cost can be recovered in about one year. However, if it is a family car, I am afraid it will be difficult to recover in 10 years. Relative to the cost of retrofitting, the main reason may be that there are too few liquefied petroleum gas refueling stations. At present, there are only three filling stations in Hangzhou, and it is very inconvenient to add gas. “Hangzhou’s land price is so expensive. Enterprises like us are simply unable to afford the cost of building a gas station.†Zhang Xiaodong told reporters that Shanghai’s approach in this regard is worth learning from. In order to support “oil to gasâ€, the Shanghai government has stipulated that petrol stations of Sinopec and PetroChina must set up refueling points. This would eliminate the problem of too little refueling point.
Although various types of new-powered models are currently in trouble, the industry is still very optimistic about the prospects. Dong Hai, deputy general manager of FAW Toyota Motor Sales Co., Ltd., told reporters that in 2000 the sales of the Prius in the United States was only 5,000, and in 2005 sales exceeded 100,000 vehicles. With the improvement of consumer awareness, such as energy saving and environmental protection, and the gradual implementation of government support policies, the Chinese auto market will usher in the spring of the development of new power models.