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This is called a mold, which includes a mold for molding, a metal core box for core making, a press mold for die casting, and a metal mold for gravity casting, low pressure casting, and differential pressure casting.
As the requirements for the quality of castings are increasing, and the sculpting and core making have also evolved from manual operations to mechanization and automation, the technical requirements for casting molds have become higher and higher, the demand has also increased, and the production organization structure of molds is also increasing. Correspondingly, the transformation and reorganization were carried out.
In China's foundry industry, the proportion of manual molding is decreasing year by year, and the proportion of using wood molds is also decreasing. It is mainly used for large and medium-sized castings produced in one-piece and small-batch production. Wood molds are still mainly self-manufactured by foundries, and professional wood mold manufacturers are few. Now metal-made molds have become the main aspects of casting molds.
In conditional foundries, especially those with considerable scale, most of them have strong mold making power. For example, FAW Foundry has specialized casting mold factories for each branch (2003 production value 36.35 million yuan), and its affiliated foundries also have their own mold manufacturing and maintenance methods. Dongfeng Motor's first foundry and second foundry have powerful mold workshops to manufacture their own styling and core making molds.
In recent years, professional casting mold manufacturing companies have developed rapidly, so that the domestic production of casting molds can basically meet the needs of the development of domestic casting production.
According to the statistics of the mold industry, in 2003 the national mold production value was 45 billion yuan, casting mold accounted for about 10.5%, about 47 billion yuan.
The city of Ningbo in Zhejiang Province is famous for its characteristics in making casting molds. Xiangshan City and Beilun District of Ningbo are two relatively concentrated mold production areas. Xiangshan City has been manufacturing engine block and cylinder head molds and core making molds since the 1990s, and is mainly based on cast iron molds. It has provided molds for many companies that have imported foreign automatic molding production lines and foreign foundry companies. More than 30 models are currently available. The factories that manufacture molds in homes mainly use foreign software computer designs and CNC machine tools. Some have been developed to have a considerable scale, such as Heli Mould Co., Ltd. and so on.
Xiangshan City, the main mold manufacturing company, this type of professional mold factory also began to appear in Jiangsu and other places, such as Wuxi's Dingbang, Fang Dali and other mold factory.
Beilun District, Ningbo, Zhejiang (especially Daxie Town) is an area that concentrates on the production of die-casting presses and has a training center for mold manufacturing technology. In this area, Huasheng, Bandung, Xinda, Huada, Chengsheng, automotive lighting, die casting of Beilun molds and other dozens of households produce die-casting pressure molds, and centered on die-casting and pressure-type production, the company has developed die-casting production. It also provides products with die castings as its main components (such as automotive lamps), forming an industrial chain with an annual output of more than one billion yuan. It is said that there are more than 100 casting mold manufacturers in the Ningbo area. Not only can they provide unique die-casting pressure patterns, but also develop techniques for manufacturing vacuum die-casting pressure patterns and export molds to many countries.
Due to the rapid development of the production of die-casting parts, the proportion of die-casting press-types in casting molds is increasing, and the development is also faster. Many large-scale mold factories also produce die-casting pressure patterns, but not many large-scale professional die-casting pressure-type manufacturing plants. In the early 1990s, the state had invested heavily in the production of Guangzhou cavity molds, which mainly consisted of medium and large-sized die-casting presses. However, the development was unpleasant. The output value of the die-casting presses in previous years was only a few million yuan. The larger growth rate reached 15 million yuan. This year it has been restructured into a joint-stock company. In addition, large-scale die-casting plants mostly have their own mold production methods, and they all have a certain scale and level. For example, Shanghai Qiantong, Guangdong Hongtu, Wencan, and Dalian Yaming have strong mold designs. ,Manufacturing capacity. The Gaoyao Hongtu Company's die-casting press-type manufacturing department has become a professional die-casting press-type manufacturing plant.
China's casting production has been around 20 million tons, far exceeding the number of countries in the United States, Europe, Japan and other industrial countries. However, it is not a strong casting country. In respect of the production of castings with complex structure, quality, and precision, there is still a certain gap between automation and mechanized production compared with the international advanced level. In the future, although there will still be moderate development in terms of quantity, the emphasis is still on improving the level. The demand for high-grade castings in terms of domestic demand, as well as the requirements for accuracy and near-net shape of castings, and the requirements for delivery time are getting higher and higher. Exports of castings must also be changed in terms of low-grade castings. The transformation of foundry production enterprises must also constantly improve the level of automation and mechanization. All of these require that the casting mold has a faster development than the foundry industry.
(1) At present, the production forms of casting molds are various. There are foundry production companies that make their own products, and there are professional casting mold factories that also produce casting molds in mold factories.
The foundry's own production molds are easy to combine with castings and production, but also easy to repair the wear, but it is difficult to cope with the large number of molds needed for product change, but usually there is surplus, and the production is unbalanced, which often leads to poor efficiency. Professional casting mold factory should have its technical expertise and product features, to play a professional advantage, especially in the professional production of cylinder head, intake and exhaust pipe and other special casting mold, should have characteristics. Therefore, the ability of the foundry to produce its own mold should not be too great. It should fully understand and make use of the expertise of a professional cast mold factory. The areas where the small foundries are relatively concentrated will be supplied by the regional foundry mold factories and will have better benefits for the foundry.
(2) The close combination of the design and manufacture of casting molds with the production of castings and production processes is an important part.
According to the casting performance requirements and the casting process adopted, the pouring system, riser and mold structure were designed based on the simulation test. Not only do you have to follow the sample or drawings, but also make better suggestions according to the characteristics of the casting. Casting production intervention in the host design to reduce the number of parts and reduce the number of processing cases are few. From this point of view, the foundry itself is more conducive to the manufacture of mold conditions, professional mold plant should also be involved in the stability of the user's product factory, and strive to better serve customers.
(3) Due to fierce market competition, the number of single-piece and small-batch productions for product upgrades will increase, casting molds will not only be more demanding in terms of quantity and time, but also adopt more advanced design and processing methods such as rapid prototyping. Manufacturing, CNC machining and other transformation of production, training and selection of professionals is even more important.
(4) Improve the quality of casting molds.
It can design molds for making more complex castings. It is an important part of the development of casting molds to reduce the machining allowance to the near net shape level and the smoothness and cleanness of the unprocessed surface. It is also a high-grade casting that is based on the goal that domestic imports must not strive to achieve without relying on foreign imports.